The Instituto Cervantes libraries belong to a network of over fifty centers in five continents. The aim of this Spanish institution and, of course, of its libraries, is to promote the four official languages of Spain and the Spanish and Latin American culture in countries with very big social and cultural differences. Another objective of the Instituto Cervantes libraries is to challenge stereotypes and cultural prejudices. They try to be places to show the less known aspects of the Spanish culture and civilization but, also, places to explore what we have in common and to establish personal contacts which help mutual understanding. Initiatives and activities may be related to music, cinema, literature, cookery, traditions and art among others. This paper will present some of the most interesting experiences regarding the aims of the centres in the Mediterranean countries and which reflect just how the Instituto Cervantes libraries have in effect become forums for cultural exchange for its many daily users.